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Consideration on the development of low carbon green blast furnace ironmaking technology in the future
As an important part of ironmaking process application in iron and steel metallurgical industry, the application of blast furnace ironmaking technology has a profound impact on the development of China's industrial modernization; Due to the problems of high energy consumption and high pollutant emission in blast furnace ironmaking, attention should be paid to the low-carbon and green control in the production process in the application of ironmaking technology in the new era. On the basis of expounding the functions of blast furnace ironmaking technology, this paper analyzes the application requirements of blast furnace ironmaking technology under the low-carbon green concept, and points out the key points of low-carbon green blast furnace ironmaking technology innovation facing the future. It is expected to realize the systematic transformation of blast furnace ironmaking technology, reduce the energy consumption and pollutant emission in the ironmaking process, and promote the green and sustainable development of blast furnace ironmaking industry.
Blast furnace ironmaking in the new era has the characteristics of intensive and large-scale, and the advantages of long-life and high-efficiency iron smelting process are obvious. However, it is undeniable that even though computer technology has promoted the intelligent development of iron making process, there are still problems of large energy consumption and serious environmental pollution in iron making production at this stage, which is not in line with China's green and sustainable development strategy. Based on this, in the development of high furnace iron making technology in the new era, attention should be paid to the transformation of iron making technology towards low-carbon and green.
01. Basic functions of blast furnace ironmaking technology
Compared with other iron making technologies, the blast furnace iron making technology itself has the characteristics of simple structure. In addition to the reducers, carburizers and smelters, energy converters and waste storage cashier processors are important components (see Figure 1). These four parts have some differences in specific functions.
Reducers and carburizers
Under the framework of blast furnace ironmaking technology, coke is an important fuel and reductant. In the whole process of iron smelting, reducers and carburizers play an important role in obtaining liquid pig iron. During the upward gas flow and downward charge movement, the control goal of "three transfers and one reversal" in blast furnace metallurgy can be effectively realized through the action of reducers and carburizers. It is worth noting that the goal of "three transfers and one reversal" is to realize the direction of high temperature reduction of blast furnace. Based on this, the realization effect of high temperature reduction of blast furnace should be fully considered, and the problem of pig iron carburization should be correctly handled under the condition of ensuring the stability of the skeleton.
Melter and quality controller
Blast furnace can also provide raw materials for converter operation. After treatment by blast furnace, high-quality liquid pig iron will be transferred to converter; From this point of view, the blast furnace acts as a melter. In the melting of solid iron oxide minerals, the production process and reduction mode of the whole blast furnace also have the characteristics of continuity and uninterrupted. It is worth noting that in the iron making process, the quality and composition of molten iron can be controlled through the blast furnace, which not only realizes the effective control of molten iron composition, but also controls the deviation and temperature of molten iron with high precision. In this link, the blast furnace acts as a quality regulator.
Energy converter
The blast furnace ironmaking process involves a lot of energy conversion. In terms of pulverized coal, coke and high-temperature hot air, they will eventually be converted into slag and blast furnace gas at high temperature in the furnace; The solid iron oxide minerals are finally transformed into liquid iron. Under the modern production mode, in addition to the residual energy sensible heat recovery technology, TRT technology has also been widely used in blast furnace ironmaking, which has brought the function of blast furnace energy converter into full play and effectively ensured the efficiency and quality of energy conversion. The energy conversion rate of TRT technology has exceeded 90%, which has also laid a foundation for the vitality of blast furnace.
Waste cashier processor
In addition to the main products such as molten iron, the blast furnace will also produce some solid wastes. At this time, based on the good waste treatment function of blast furnace ironmaking, the effective utilization of these wastes can be realized, which also plays a prominent role in environmental protection. From the perspective of waste receiving and cashier process, in addition to coking and sintering processes, pelletizing process is also an important part of waste receiving and cashier, which can effectively promote the realization of the goal of circular economy in iron and steel plants.
02. Application requirements of blast furnace ironmaking technology under the concept of low carbon and green
The era environment of low carbon and green development of blast furnace ironmaking technology
Based on this goal, in the development of industrial industry, we must adhere to the road of carbon neutralization and realize the green transformation of low-carbon industrial production technology. As far as the iron and steel industry is concerned, it has a large amount of carbon emissions in production. Based on the hard constraint of carbon emission peak, we should pay attention to the management of carbon reduction in iron and steel production, and the blast furnace sector should bear the brunt.
New requirements for low carbon and green development of blast furnace ironmaking technology
Based on the "fourteenth five year plan" development goal, in the high-quality development of the iron and steel industry, it is necessary to realize the organic combination of iron and steel intelligent manufacturing and low-carbon green development, so as to promote China's progress towards a powerful iron and steel country. Under the general goal of "intelligent steel manufacturing + low carbon green development", the application of blast furnace ironmaking technology in the new era also needs to meet the following requirements:
First, in the application of blast furnace ironmaking technology, a "specialization + integration" distributed energy utilization scheme should be developed, and under the "1+7" system, technical support should be provided for the production of intelligent green steel industry with high efficiency and low cost.
Second, based on the needs of innovation in blast furnace ironmaking technology, we should create an environmental protection hard technology of "green manufacturing" in actual production, deepen the application of TRT, BPRT, shrt and other technologies, and meet the functional needs of the application of blast furnace ironmaking technology through the connection of blast furnace ironmaking process, system, correlation and other technologies.
Thirdly, according to the development requirements of "green manufacturing", the "green scheme" of green production should be designed and used throughout the industry, and the smart green system should be used as the "new engine" of blast furnace ironmaking, so as to solve the development problems and realize the organic unity of energy interconnection, high efficiency and advanced and ecological and environmental protection.
03. Development design of blast furnace ironmaking technology based on low carbon and green concept
Technical development concept design
Under the double cycle pattern, in order to realize the low-carbon and green development of blast furnace ironmaking technology, we must take improving the operation efficiency of production technology as the basis, reduce the production and operation cost as the goal, and reduce the operation emissions as the guarantee, so as to promote the realization of the objectives of blast furnace ironmaking quality benefits, economic benefits and ecological coordination benefits, and achieve the purpose of promoting the development of circular economy. It is worth noting that in the design of technical development concept, the operation process of blast furnace should also be scientifically controlled, so as to create good conditions for the setting and evaluation of reasonable production indicators. In addition, in the application of advanced blast furnace ironmaking technology, the relationship between it and green production technology should be coordinated, and the low-carbon and green development of blast furnace ironmaking should be realized through a new management system.
Innovative design of production process
Based on the guidance of low-carbon green concept, the following key points should also be paid attention to in the innovation of blast furnace ironmaking technological process:
First, considering the goal of dynamic coordinated operation of blast furnace production, in the design of technical process, the goal of coordinated operation should be taken as the starting point, and the existing operation process should be optimized and adjusted through the application of comprehensive research and judgment, reasonable trade-offs and other methods, so as to achieve the purpose of optimization of production structure and intensification of production process, and ensure the realization of network integration effect of blast furnace production.
Second, in the construction of the new blast furnace ironmaking technology process network, the existing process operation characteristics should be systematically analyzed, and the unreasonable components in the existing technical process should be gradually abandoned, so as to comprehensively optimize the blast furnace ironmaking technology structure, function and production efficiency. It is worth noting that in the production process optimization in the new era, the comprehensive optimization of the production network system should be carried out from the three levels of material flow, energy flow and information flow.
Third, under the modern production mode, automation technology and intelligent technology have been increasingly applied in blast furnace ironmaking. Based on the integrated application of modern information technology, the operation and interface of blast furnace ironmaking should be continuously optimized with the support of "Internet +", so as to realize the resource sharing of large industrial systems, improve the intelligent automatic control level, and the information management of plant production scheduling (see Figure 2).
Technological innovation design after low carbon and green integration
After integrating the low-carbon green concept into the blast furnace ironmaking technology, its design concept and design method have also been further developed. Based on this, in the application of low-carbon green blast furnace ironmaking technology in the new era, the process layout, time relationship and space relationship of blast furnace ironmaking should be optimized from the perspective of process engineering. At the same time, in the production, the energy and material operation efficiency in the geometric space under the technical system should be considered. In addition, the application design of blast furnace ironmaking technology in the new era should also consider the requirements of small amount of energy, output increment and pollution reduction, So as to realize the organic unity of efficient production and energy conservation and emission reduction.
04. Innovative application of blast furnace ironmaking technology based on low carbon and green concept
Blast furnace concentrate Technology
As an effective means to control energy consumption in blast furnace ironmaking production, the application of blast furnace concentrate technology should pay attention to the following points:
Firstly, the rationality of charge structure should be ensured in the use of specific charge; That is to say, in order to reduce the use of furnace charge and reduce the production cost, in the stage of furnace charge use control, we should pay attention to the systematic use of operational research theory and mathematical model, and at the same time, we should systematically analyze the characteristics of furnace charge resources and the characteristics of China's ecological environment, so as to realize the organic unity of furnace charge use and the actual production situation of enterprises. Based on the control needs of low-carbon green concept, in the current stage of blast furnace production in China, on the premise of focusing on the use of furnace burden, fully considering the international political factors, the response plan that cannot obtain a large number of high-grade iron ore should be considered early and the way to obtain technology.
Second, the metallurgical properties of blast furnace burden should be further improved in the application of blast furnace concentrate technology, so as to ensure the economy and rationality of the burden and improve the stability of the physical and chemical properties of the burden.
Thirdly, the burden distribution and control technology should be further optimized to improve the utilization efficiency of burden and reduce the energy consumption of blast furnace ironmaking through high-precision burden distribution.
Blast furnace longevity technology
Based on the utilization of blast furnace longevity technology, the service life of blast furnace can be effectively extended, which has a profound impact on reducing the economic cost of ironmaking. On the one hand, for the currently used blast furnace, the internal shape optimization of the furnace body should be carried out through the internal shape optimization technology. For example, by increasing the depth of the dead iron layer, the circulation and damage of molten iron in the hearth can be prevented. For the purpose of oxygen enriched coal injection smelting, the diameter and height of the hearth should be appropriately increased. On the other hand, in the application of long-life furnace structure, in addition to using scientific cooling technology, we should also pay attention to the application of high-efficiency copper cooling staves and other units to further extend the service life of the blast furnace. In addition, during the use of blast furnace, the technical parameters of refractory materials of furnace body shall be controlled to ensure that the furnace body construction meets the needs of ironmaking.
Oxygen enriched coal injection technology
The oxygen enriched coal injection technology can not only effectively improve the working state of the raceway of the hearth tuyere, but also improve the pulverized coal combustion rate and ensure the total amount of coal injection; In this way, the amount of bosh gas in ironmaking production will be greatly reduced. On the basis of ensuring the permeability of the blast furnace, the effective control of fuel energy consumption is realized. In the new era, in order to further improve the application level of oxygen enriched coal injection technology, in addition to considering the concentrate index and long-life performance, it is also necessary to systematically analyze the operation process of oxygen enriched coal injection technology, so as to ensure the excellence of technical control. With this feature, the coal ratio can reach more than 200kg/ T and the fuel ratio can reach 485kg/t, which will be the hope of modern blast furnace ironmaking competitiveness.
High air temperature technology
The purpose of using high air temperature technology is to reduce the coke ratio of blast furnace operation, increase the amount of coal injection, and ensure the overall efficiency of energy conversion. In the new era, the application of high air temperature technology can be divided into the following types:
First, under the low-temperature preheating technology, double preheating of air and gas is carried out to enrich the gas, so as to ensure that the air temperature meets the operation requirements of blast furnace ironmaking, and can fully meet the needs of low-carbon green control.
Second, optimize the combustion process of the hot blast stove. For example, on the basis of considering the law of air flow movement, optimize the air flow distribution of the hot blast stove, ensure the uniform distribution of air flow in the stove, realize uniform heat transfer, improve heat exchange efficiency and improve the service life of the hot blast stove.
Thirdly, combined with the needs of high-efficiency production, the hot air duct of the blast furnace is continuously optimized. For example, the non overheating low stress design system is used in the duct. Under this system, the stress of the duct will be further reduced and the problem of duct expansion will be effectively handled; Nano coating technology is used to reduce external heat transfer and improve the efficiency of hot blast stove.
Fourthly, in the optimization of hot blast stove operation, operators can scientifically set the combustion intensity of the hot blast stove working cycle from the overall point of view, so as to improve the overall heat exchange efficiency of the hot blast stove; This technology is very helpful to reduce the combustion consumption and the emission of harmful substances. It is expected that through the above system optimization, the blast furnace operation will be continuously optimized and the blast furnace gas calorific value will be continuously reduced to obtain a high air temperature above 1250 ℃, which will be a comprehensive technical measure to realize the efficient utilization of low-quality energy and the optimization of efficient energy conversion.
Gas dedusting technology
The adoption of gas dry dedusting technology can effectively reduce the emission of pollutants from gas combustion and promote the realization of energy conservation, emission reduction and green production goals. At present, the gas dry dedusting TRT coupling technology has been developed in a coordinated way. In practical application, we should also pay attention to the on-line monitoring of gas temperature - do not excessively pursue low top temperature, so as to obtain the best power generation and open up a new way for carbon neutralization. At the same time, we should monitor the application of pulse injection ash cleaning technology and the dust content of gas, so as to improve the effect of gas dedusting and promote the low-carbon and green development of blast furnace ironmaking.
05. Conclusion
Blast furnace ironmaking itself is a key technology in the modern iron and steel processing industry and a black box of the iron and steel complex. With the support of information technology, the technical advantages of blast furnace ironmaking are further obvious. In view of the energy consumption and pollution problems in the application of blast furnace ironmaking technology, iron making enterprises must fully understand the role of various structural units under the blast furnace ironmaking technology, and then carry out comprehensive innovation of blast furnace ironmaking technology based on the development requirements of low-carbon green concept in the new era, so as to reduce the energy consumption and pollutant emission in the ironmaking process, improve the comprehensive benefits of blast furnace ironmaking industry, and promote the green and sustainable development of modern industrial industry.
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